Hepatitis B shows variable clinical manifestations ranging from asymptomatic HBV carriers to fulminant liver failure, and it becomes chronic, often progresses to chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. 12 Recently, as the prevalence of HBV infection is decreasing in young adult age group in Korea, the sexual contact has become the main transmission route. In adolescents and adults in the countries with low and middle prevalence rates of hepatitis B, sexual contact is the major cause of HBV infection. 10 In addition, tattooing, ear piercing, acupuncture, dialysis, and even using a syringe can be the source of infection. In injection drug abuser, using the same syringe among injection drug users at the same time is the main transmission route of hepatitis B infection. 9 Although a very small amount of HBV is detected in breast milk, there is no evidence that hepatitis B is transmitted through breast milk. 7, 8 When given with vaccine and immunoglobulin within 24 hours after birth, 90% of infants show the preventive effect. If infants born to HBsAg-positive mother do not receive perinatal hepatitis B vaccine and immunoglobulin prophylaxis, infection rates in infants born to HBsAg positive and negative mother are 70 to 90% and 10 to 20%, respectively, of which 90% will progress to chronic infection.
Perinatal infection occurs frequently if the mother with HBV is HBeAg-positive and has a high level of serum HBV-DNA. In Korea, the most important route is perinatal transmission in patients with chronic hepatitis B.
#Hepatitis c route of transmission skin
The main transmission routes include perinatal infection, the skin and mucous membrane infections caused by contaminated blood or body fluids (blood transfusion, use of contaminated syringes, hemodialysis, invasive tests or surgery), and sexual contacts. 5 Thus, there is almost no risk of transmission in the course of daily life, and the infection through fecal-oral transmission does not occur. The virus can be detected in all human body fluids, the virus concentration in the fluids is highest in the blood or serous exudates, and it is relatively low in saliva, semen, vaginal fluids.
HBV is transmitted parenterally by contaminated blood or other body fluids through blood vessels, skin or mucous membranes.
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